1. ??????? ??????? ??? ???????
????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ????? ????? ???. ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? (0 K ? ?? ? - 273.15 ℃) ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????.
??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 0.8 ?????? ??? 50 ?????? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? (0.4 ?????? ??? 0.8 ????????).

??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????

λ = C/F ? ??? C ?? ???? ????? 3.0 × 108 ?/? ? λ ?? ????? ??????.
??? ???? ??????: ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 4x1014Hz ~ 8x1014Hz.


2. ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? - ????? ?? ?????? ?????
???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????.
?? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? "??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????".
?? ?????? ?????? - ???? ? ?????? - ???? ?????? - ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? 0.7 ~ 2.5μm ? 3 ~ 5μm ? 8 ~ 14μm ??? ??????? ?
???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? 8 ~ 14μm.



3. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????:
①. ???? ?????? ??? ???????: ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????.
②. ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????: ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????.
③. ???????? ???????????: ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????.
④. ???? ?????: ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????.
⑤. ????????: ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????.

4. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? (NIR)
??? ?????? ?????? - ?????? ??? ??????? (NIR) (0.8 ???????? ~ 1μm) ????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? NIR ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? NIR ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? NIR ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?
?????????:?
?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? CMOS ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? - ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??
?????? ?? - ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?


4.?
???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? (SWIR) ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??
??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???? SWIR ??
???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????.?
???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? 500 ??? 3000 ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ????????? ??? 500 ~ 3000 ℃ ??
?????????:?
???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????.?
???? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??
????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??
???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????.


5.?
???????:?
High sensitivity and resolution: Cooled detector with low noise, thermal sensitivity (NETD) <20mK, and excellent detail resolution;?
Strong atmospheric penetration: MWIR has high transmittance in specific atmospheric windows (e.g., 3-5 μm), and is suitable for long-distance observation because it is less affected by interference from fog, smoke and soot.
???? - ????? ????? ?????: ?????? ?? LWIR ? ??? ?????? ????? - ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? "??? ????? ?????".
???? ???????? ????: ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.
??? ????????? ???????: ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? 100 ????.

????:?
?????? ????? ????: ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ???? ????? 5 - 10 ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????.
????? ?????? ???????? ??????: ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? -
?????? ???????: ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????.
??????? ???????: ????? ???????? ???? (??? ???? ?????? ? ????? 10000 ???? ????? ???????) ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????.

?????????:?
????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
???? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? (IRST).


6. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? (LWIR)?
???????:?
?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ????????: ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ??? ??????.
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????: ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (- 40 ???? ????? ~+85 ???? ?????) ? ?? ??? ??????? ??? - ? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? - ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.
?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????: ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1W ?? ??? (??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????) ? ????? ?????? ??? 100000 ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????.
?? ???? ?????: ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? (???? ???? ?? MWIR) ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????.

????:?
Low sensitivity: usually 30~50mK, lower than cooling type (<20mK), weak detail resolution, easy to overexpose high-temperature targets (need dynamic range adjustment).
Slow response speed: frame rate is usually ≤60Hz, not suitable for ultra-high-speed dynamic scenes (such as ballistic tracking).
??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????: ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? (??? ????? ? ?????? ?????) ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????.
?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????: ???? ?????? ?????? ????? (???? ????? ? ?????? ?????? CO?) ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? (> 1 ???????) ? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????.

?????????:?
??????: ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? - ?? ? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????.
????????: ??? - ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? - ????? ????????? ???????.