I-Sen Sensor: Kubhekiswa kwi-sensor yesithombe, okuqukethe izigidi eziningana kuya kumashumi ezigidi zezigidi ze-Phototoisos. Kuyi-Chip ye-semiconductor eguqula izithombe ezibonakalayo zibe amasiginali kagesi.
I-Pixel: I-pixel iyunithi eliyisisekelo lenzwa. Isithombe sakhiwa amaphikseli, futhi inani lamaphikseli libonisa inani lezinto ezitholwa zekhamera.
Isinqumo: Kubhekiswa kwinani eliphakeme lamaphikiseli isithombe esingaluthola kuzo zombili izinkomba ezivundlile nezimbheke mpo.
Usayizi wePixel: Kubhekiswa kusayizi wangempela ovelwe yi-pixel kuzo zombili izinkomba zobude nobubanzi.
Imelwe kahle yilesi sibalo esingenhla, amaphikseli amele inani eliphelele lama-grid amnyama kulesi sithombe, okuyi-pixels 91, ngenkathi ukulungiswa kubhekiswa kwinani lamagridi amnyama ngobude nobubanzi ngokulandelana. Isibalo esikhonjiswe ngenhla singu-13 * 7. Usayizi we-Pixel usayizi omelelwe yigridi ngayinye emnyama kulesi sithombe, futhi iyunithi ngokuvamile i-micrometer. Lapho usayizi wesithombe uhlala njalo, kukhudlwana usayizi we-pixel, wehlise isisombululo kanye nekwehliswa ukucaca.
I-Bayer Colour Filter ArayIsendlalelo: Ngemuva kokuthi abantu babe nezinzwa abakwazi ukubona ubukhulu bokukhanya, bangathatha nje abamnyama kuphela - kanye - izithombe ezimhlophe (izithombe ezimhlophe (izithombe ezi-grayscale) ngoba izinzwa ngaleso sikhathi zingabona umbala. Uma umuntu efuna ukuthola isithombe sombala, indlela eqondile kakhulu bekuwukufaka izihlungi zemibala ehlukene. Ngakho-ke, kwakhiwa u-Bayer Array. Ihlanganiswe nezihlungi ezibomvu, eziluhlaza futhi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezihlelwe ngokuhlukile ngephethini ejwayelekile. Isihlungi somunye wemibala ye-RGB sibekwe ku-pixel ngayinye, sivumele kuphela ukukhanya kombala othize ongadlula kukho.
Ukwakheka kweBayer: ngu-Eastman. I-bayer array, esungulwe nguBryce Bayer, usosayensi waseKodak, ngo-1976, isasetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokucubungula isithombe sedijithali kuze kube namuhla.
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Amaseli wamehlo
Esweni lomuntu, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli abonakalayo: Isigaxa - ebunjiwe nenduku -
Amaseli weCone ahlukaniswe futhi abe izinhlobo ezintathu: amaseli abomvu we-Photoreceptor, amaseli aluhlaza we-Photoreceptor (amaseli abucayi kakhulu), namaseli we-BlueCeceptor aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Azinangqondo lapho ukukhanya kukhanya kuphansi. Kuphela lapho ukuqina kokukhanya kufinyelela esimweni esithile amaseli we-cone angasebenza.
Amaseli eRod azwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni futhi angakha izithombe zezinto ezimmo ezimbi kakhulu zokukhanyisa, kepha azikwazi ukuzwa imibala.
Lokhu kuchaza futhi ukuthi kungani abantu bebona izinto ebusuku kodwa abakwazi ukwehlukanisa imibala yabo ngempumelelo.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-CCD ne-CMOS
I-CCD (Shaja Idivaysi embalwa)
I-CMOS (i-Metal yensimbi Exectal Oxide): I-Semiconductor ephelele ye-Oxide ye-Oxide, ehlanganiswe ezintweni ze-semiconductor ze-Metal Oxides.
Njengamanje, emakethe yezokuphepha, izinzwa zesithombe zamakhamera zingama-CCD noma ama-CMO. Esikhathini sendalo - ukubhekwa kwencazelo, ukubhekwa kwamakhamera we-analog kanye nama-standard - ukuchaza amakhamera wenethiwekhi asetshenziswa ngokuvamile izinzwa ze-CCD. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ama-CMOs abelokhu egwinya imakethe ye-CCD. Esikhathini sokuphakama - ukubhekwa kwencazelo, ama-CMO athathe kancane kancane izinzwa ze-CCD.
1. Ijubane lokufunda lolwazi
Imininingwane yecala egcinwe kwi-CCD Cards - Idivaysi ehlanganisiwe idinga ukudluliswa kancane kancane ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwesiginali evumelanayo, bese kukhuliswa ngendlela efanayo yokuguqulwa kwe-ADC. Ukudluliselwa nokufunda okufundwayo kwemininingwane yokushaja kudinga umjikelezo wokulawula iwashi, futhi umjikelezo ophelele awuyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzwa ze-CMOS zisebenza ngokuqondile inzuzo ye-Amplification kanye ne-analog - Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali ngaphakathi kokukhanya - Iyunithi elibucayi, ukwenza ukufundwa kwesiginali kube lula kakhulu. Bangakwazi futhi ukucubungula imininingwane yesithombe kusuka kuyunithi ngalinye ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokufunda lama-CMOs lishesha ukwedlula lelo le-CCD.
2. Ukuzwela
Ngoba i-pixel ngayinye ye-sensor ye-CMOS iqukethe amasekethe angeziwe (ama-amplifiers kanye ne-A / D yokuguqula izijikelezo), ukukhanya - indawo ebucayi yepixel ngayinye kuphela endaweni eyindawo ye-pixel. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubukhulu be-pixel bufana, ukuzwela kwenzwa ye-CMOS kuphansi kunaleyo sensor ye-CCD.
3. Umsindo
Njengoba i-photodiode ngayinye kuma-CMO idinga isikhulisi, uma ilinganiswa kuma-megapixels, khona-ke izigidi zama-amplifiers ziyadingeka. Njengoba ama-amplifiers yimibuthano ye-analog, kunzima ukugcina inzuzo ye-Amplification ye-pixel ngayinye evumelana. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa ze-CCD ezine-amplifier eyodwa kuphela, umsindo we-CMOS sensors uzokhulisa kakhulu, okuthinta ikhwalithi yesithombe.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
Indlela yokutholwa yesithombe ye-CMOS Sensors iyasebenza. Icala elikhiqizwe yi-PhotoDiode likhuliswe ngokuqondile futhi liguqulwa yisifunda esiseduze. Kodwa-ke, izinzwa ze-CCD zinokutholwa nje. I-voltage esetshenzisiwe kufanele isetshenziswe ukwenza imali ekhokhwayo ku-pixel ngayinye yehle phansi, futhi i-voltage esetshenzisiwe ngokuvamile idinga i-12 kuye ku-18v. Ngakho-ke, i-CCD nayo idinga ukwakheka kwe-REPRICE Power Supply Refrew Line andrantle. I-voltage ephezulu yokushayela yenza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-CCD kuphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yama-CMO.
5. Izindleko
Ngoba izinzwa ze-CMOS zamukela inqubo ye-mos, okuyinto evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emibuthanweni ye-semiconductor ejwayelekile, amaseliphu e-peripheral (njengokulawula isikhathi, ama-CD, i-ISP, ngakho-ke angahlanganiswa ne-chip ye-peripheral. I-CCD idlulisa idatha ngokudluliswa kwemali. Uma nje i-pixel eyodwa yehluleka ukusebenza, lonke umugqa wedatha alikwazi ukudluliselwa. Ngakho-ke, isivuno se-CCD siphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi abakhiqizi abambalwa kuphela abangakwazi kahle. Lesi futhi yisizathu sezindleko eziphakeme.
Isivinini se-shutter
I-shutter iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukulawula isikhathi sokuvezwa futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yekhamera. Isakhiwo, ifomu kanye nokusebenza kwalo kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekulinganiseni ibanga lekhamera. Zombili izinzwa zezithombe ze-CCD nezama-CMOS zisebenzisa ama-shutter kagesi, kufaka phakathi izivimbi zomhlaba kanye nokuvalwa kwama-rolling.
I-Shutter yomhlaba wonke: Wonke amaphikseli enzwa aqoqa ukukhanya ngasikhathi sinye futhi adalule ngasikhathi sinye. Lokho wukuthi, ekuqaleni kokuvezwa, inzwa iqala ukuqoqa ukukhanya. Ekupheleni kokuvezwa, umjikelezo wokuqoqwa kokukhanya uyanqunywa, bese kuba nenani lezinzwa lifundwa njengohlaka olulodwa.
Wonke amaphikiseli adalulwa ngasikhathi sinye, okufana nokuqaqa into ehambayo, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukudubula okusheshayo - izinto ezihambayo.
I-Shutter e-Rolling: inzwa ifinyelela lokhu ngokuvezwa okuqhubekayo. Ekuqaleni kokuvezwa, inzwa iskena umugqa ngomugqa bese iveza umugqa ngomugqa kuze kube yilapho wonke amaphikseli adalulwa. Vele, zonke izenzo ziqediwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kanye nesikhathi sokuvezwa kwamaphikseli ahlukile ahlukahlukene.
Kuyimugqa - ngomugqa wokuvezwa okulandelana, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukudubula izinto ezihambayo. Uma into noma ikhamera isesimweni sokunyakaza okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokudubula, umphumela wokudubula kungenzeka ukuthi abonise izehlakalo ezinjengokuthi "ukuguquguquka", "ukushibilika" noma "ukuvezwa okuyingxenye".
Inkambiso yentuthuko yama-CMO
1. Okuphansi - Umphumela Olula
Ukuthuthukiswa okuvela ku-FSI yendabuko (I-Front Sigh Lanclination) ngaphambili - Isenzwa ye-CMOS ekhanyisiwe ku-BSI (i-Backside Ukukhanyisela) emuva - Ukwenziwa okuhle kakhulu komhlane - inzwa ekhanyayo ye-CMOS ilele ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi sengxenye. Emuva - I-CMOS ekhanyisiwe ibuyela kabusha ukuqondiswa kokukhanya - Izakhi ezibucayi, ezivumela ukukhanya ukuze zingene ngqo kusuka emuva. This avoids the influence of the circuit between the microlens and the photodiode and the transistor in the traditional CMOS sensor structure, significantly enhancing the efficiency of light and greatly improving the shooting effect in low-light conditions. Emuva - Izinzwa ze-CMOS ezikhanyisiwe zenze le-leap ye-acleative ngokuzwakala ngokuqhathaniswa nezinzwa zendabuko ze-CMOs. Ngenxa yalokhu, ikhono labo eligxile kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe bathuthuke kakhulu ngaphansi kokukhanya okuphansi.
2. Ukucindezela komsindo
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-algorithm ekhethekile yokutholwa komsindo ihlanganiswe ngokuqondile kwi-control logic ye-CMOS Image inzwa. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, umsindo omisiwe ungaqedwa ngempumelelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-ehlukahlukene wezobuchwepheshe amukelwa ku-ISP, anjengobuchwepheshe obuphikisayo, ukuthuthukisa inkinga yomsindo wama-CMO.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zezinzwa ze-CMOS. Kungumjikelezo neminye imisebenzi ehlanganiswe enzwaneni yayo. Isibonelo, i-OV10 eyethulwe i-OV10633 iyinzwa ye-720p HD ebanzi enamandla ashukumisayo. Imodeli ye-OV10633 ihlanganisa uhla lwe-WDS olubanzi olunamandla kanye nemisebenzi yokucubungula isiginali yesithombe se-ISP kwi-chip efanayo ne-sensor yesithombe.
?Izilungiselelo Zobumfihlo